Seismicity of egypt pdf merge

The uniform hazard spectra uhs for cairo and alexandria were also estimated. At some reservoirs, seismicity begins almost immediately following the first filling of the reservoir. Pdf earthquake catalogs are probably the most fundamental products of seismology and remain arguably the most useful for tectonic studies. Pdf seismicity and active tectonics of the egyptian red. Seismicity of egypt the seismicity of egypt is characterized by small to moderate earthquake activities due to the relative motions between the african, arabian and eurasian plates. Modern egypt is the most populous arab state, and it has led the arabs in education, literature, music.

Analysis of aeromagnetic data for interpretation of. The report details the changing nature of egypts security threat, explores egypts. The seismic activity of egypt is due to the interaction and the relative motion between. It presents seismic hazard maps for egypt for 475 and 2475 years return periods for different spectral acceleration values, in case of rock sites conditions. Egyptian code seismic load design provisions for moment. Eight millennium development goals mdgs, eleven quantifiable and timebound targets, and fortyeight indicators of economic and social development were agreed upon. North africa is one of the most earthquakeprone areas of the mediterranean.

Electrical structure of the tectonically active kalabsha fault, aswan, egypt mahmoud mekkawi a, pierreandre. Combined israel, petra jordan and egypt tours israel. Seismic hazard assessments at islamic cairo, egypt. These solutions are computed by joining p, sh, sv polarities and svp, shp and svsh amplitude ratios where the quality of each solution is evaluated. The present study is focus on studying the seismic hazard of egypt. They will serve for further risk studies, construction codes, and also for landuse planning. This means that there is a 10% chance of potentiallydamaging earthquake shaking in your project area in the next 50 years. He wore the white crown of the south and the red crown of the north. Although egypt is affected by moderate seismic activity compared to other countries. Ancient egypt clil 1 the pharaoh look at the egypt map and at tutankhamens tomb plan. The hazard parameter determination is performed for two study areas. Ultimate limit state simplified checks for low seismicity cases ag of en 1998 for very low seismicity cases ag sep 14, 2015 ancient egypt pdf 1. Sinai experienced the largest egyptian earthquake with moment magnitude. Understanding the great pyramid putting its unique features in context in recent decades, interest in the great pyramid of egypt has reached fever pitch, with new ideas and concepts being generated at an accelerating rate.

Seismicity and focal mechanisms of earthquakes in egypt. Abou elenean a,b a national research institute of astronomy and geophysics, egypt b north africa group for earthquake and tsunami studies, ictpoea net40, italy. In the area you have selected egypt earthquake hazard is classified as medium according to the information that is currently available. We are looking into isram tours and israel discovery tours, having eliminated most of the other groups margaret morse, itas, jewish heritage tours. Harmonized european standards for construction in egypt fundamental requirements compliance criteria design verifications. In this study we have used eight years 20072014 of campaign gps data with four permanent stations aswn, safg, mrsa, and shla to estimate the recent crustal movements in the southeastern corner of egypt. The highest seismicity rates are found at the eastern boundaries of egypt, viz. Neodeterministic seismic hazard assessment in north africa. Seismicity and geologic structures indubitable in wadi. Considering the uncertainties in rupture parameters, one estimates a range of mw 7. Seismogenic zones such as the red sea, gulf of aqabadead sea hellenic arc, suezcairoalexandria, easternmediterraneancairofaiyoum and the egyptian costal area are located in the vicinity of this city. Moreover, detailed and reliable information is available for several destructive earthquakes in. Large earthquakes of intermediate focal depths are the most significant for the eastern mediterranean papadopoulos, 1987. A new seismic source model for the seismic activity in and around egypt, consisting of a total of 88 seismic zones for shallow and intermediatedepth seismicity, was considered in this new.

Seismic activity in yemen the seismicity of yemen is an obvious result of its location on the southern edge of the arabian peninsula close to the well known active seismic zones of the red sea where an annual sea floor spreading of about 23 cm is evident in the nesw direc. When merging different catalogues it is necessary to avoid the duplication of events eventually. The area around sinai peninsula including gulf of aqaba, gulf of suez, and northern red sea is considered as the most active seismic region due to its complicated geologic structures. Seismicity of the southwestern part of egypt between 2007 and 2014 ensn. List of egyptology books and articles online institute of. Ground motion prediction from nearest seismogenic zones in and. Ged god of earth and nut goddess of sky they had 4 children.

Historic parametric applications commonly supplement these seismicity rates with specific scenario earthquakes and background seismicity source zones. Evaluation of the egyptian seismic code approach to estimation of lateral drift s. Seismicity and active tectonics of the egyptian red sea margin and the northern red sea. What the pharaoh wore egyptian pharaohs wore ceremonial clothes. The first area, gulf of suez, has higher seismicity level than the second, all other active zones in egypt. Electrical structure of the tectonically active kalabsha. Egyptian national seismic network ensn ensn includes 67 seismic stations figure 1 with 9 radio telemetry and 58 satellites. Record the answers to the following questions in your notebook. For people who live in regions affected by major earthquakes, hazardmitigation and riskmanagement decisions need to be made.

Egypt came from nun darknesschaos, gave rise to atum first god who spat up air shu and moisture tefnut they had 2 children. We examine the correlation of north egypt unstable continental shelf earthquakes using five geologic and geophysical data sets. Split and merge pdf files with pdfsam, an easytouse desktop tool. The seismotectonic sitting of egypt suggests that large earthquakes are possible particularly along the gulf of aqabadead sea transform, the subduction zone along the hellenic and cyprean arcs. The gshap global seismic hazard map pdf free download. In order to mitigate the destructive impact of the earthquakes, the regional seismic hazard in north africa is assessed using the neodeterministic, multiscenario. The depth extent of seismicity in the owens valley region is poorly constrained, with estimates ranging from 15 to 25 km. Egypt has experienced damaging large earthquakes from the hellenic arc and eastern mediterranean, as well as the red sea and its two branches, gulf of suez and gulf of aqaba. Analysis of the crosscorrelation between seismicity and. In addition some inland significant sources at aswan, dahshour. About 83 earthquakes were found during the period from 2200bc to 1899ad. This is a response to several factors leading to increasing land lowering subsidence of the northern delta and. Evaluation of the egyptian seismic code approach to.

The historic parametric method determines seismicity rates again based on the gr equation for each point of a grid through the spatial smoothing of historical seismicity. The seismotectonic sitting of egypt suggests that large earthquakes are possible particularly along the gulf of aqabadead sea transform, the subduction zone along the hellenic and cyprean arcs, and the northern red sea triple junction point. Osiris king of earth, his wife isis, set king of underworld, his wife nephthys river goddess set kills osiris, isis son horus. Two types of reservoirinduced seismicity bulletin of. In egypt, after the occurrence of cairo earthquake, in 1992, the earthquake activity has been observed in various regions.

In the south, it is a part of the nubian shield, while the northern and northeastern parts are covered by eocene sediments. To compete in todays dynamic business environment in egypt and the region there is a need to invest in developing new competencies and skill sets for managers. The pharaoh was the king of upper and lower egypt, and his title remained so throughout the dynastic period. Today, however, the regime has left behind it multiple political and social cleavages as a heritage that will not be easy to overcome. In this study we computed recent seismicity and present kinematic regime in the northern and middle zones of gulf of suez as inferred from moment tensor settlings and focal mechanism of local earthquakes that happened in this region.

From the damage reported, such an event may be termed as the most damaging earthquake in egypt s recent history. The egyptian numeration system egyptian numerals have been found on the writings on the stones of monument walls of ancient time. Cambridge university press 0521020255 the seismicity of egypt, arabia and the red sea. The published seismic databases covering egypt until now are inadequate to study the longterm seismicity and recurrence interval for large earthquakes in.

Although this system is questioned by some scientists, its existence is sup ported by others. Jul 12, 2017 from table 1 it is noticed that the magnitude of the base shear described by the egyptian code increases radically for the same structure through the different seismic zones, for the 2 storey and the 3 storey frame the base shear gradually increase from seismic zone 1 low seismicity to zone 5b higher seismicity as shown in fig. The proposed seismic source model comprises in total of eightyeight seismic sources, twentyeight of them including the shallow seismicity h. At this time the capital of upper egypt was hieraconpolis or nekhen, and of lower egypt buto in the delta. Analysis of the crosscorrelation between seismicity and water level in the aswan area egypt from 1982 to 2010 l. Egypt on the ancient hebrews, mesopotamians, and syrians, and on classical greece and rome. My husband and i are researching travel to israel, jordan and egypt for next may, too. Pdf seismicity and seismic hazard in alexandria egypt.

Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for sinai peninsula, egypt. Statistical investigation of reservoirinduced seismicity. Seismicity and focal mechanisms of earthquakes in egypt from 2004. These decisions must be based on forecasts of future earthquake rates. An updated seismic source model for egypt intechopen.

Pdf integrated geologic and geophysical studies of. Pdf present kinematic regime and recent seismicity of. The book documents past seismic events within that region, places them in a broad tectonic framework, and provides essential information for those attempting to prepare for, and mitigate the effects of, future earthquakes and tsunamis in these countries. The present work is ground on the basis of the analysis oftwo way time twt structurecontour maps and rose diagrams for two of the upper cretaceous rock units namely from the base. Up to the end of the ninth century the secular number of reported earthquakes fluctuates between zero and three. Seismic active zones and mechanism of earthquakes in.

The historical earthquakes that have been felt in egypt were compiled from arabic documents and earlier earthquake catalogues. Many devastating earthquakes, some of them tsunamitriggering, inflicted heavy loss of life and considerable economic damage to the region. Truthfulness of the existence of the pelusium megashear. Increased land subsidence and sealevel rise are submerging egypts nile delta coastal margin abstract egypts nile delta, only 1 m above mean sea level at the mediterranean coast, is subject to uneven rates of submergence. Structural analysis and tectonic evolution based on seismic. The time distribution of these earthquakes shows that, only seven earthquakes have been reported in the period before christ bc. The origin of the earthquakes within the continental intraplate has been the subject of debate over long time. The sinai peninsula has a triangular shape between the african and arabian plates and is bounded from the western and eastern borders by the gulf of suez. The 1998 egyptian costal zone earthquake is a moderate complex source.

Seismicity and seismic hazard in alexandria egypt and. In 1962, all these private companies had been nationalized, and since then the government became the. Increased land subsidence and sealevel rise are submerging. The worldwideweb is replete with links to egyptological resources, and there are many pages of bibliography out there, of which the prime example is the online egyptological bibliography.

The effects of these nearby seismic sources, in addition to other seismic sources in egypt and its surroundings, are considered in the processes of seismic hazard analysis in the present work. The western desert covers the major ity of egypt west of the nile valley. This research work provides evidences for the existence of the pms near egypt s capital cairo city. The seismicity of egypt has been studied by many authors e. Finally, combining the whole set of observations, we propose a. Until mid20, no policy approach proved capable of overcoming the causes of the countrys crisis. This study is devoted to the analysis of aeromagnetic data for seismicity interpretation at dahshour area, egypt, in order to detect major structural elements on subsurface which affect both, the sedimentary section and the underlying basement complex. Numbers have also been found on pottery, limestone plaques, and on the fragile fibers of the papyrus. Egyptian national seismic network ensn and the the northern part of egypt plays an important role in both strong motion network have been installed to cover the historical and recent seismicity. Although egypt is an area of relatively low to moderate seismicity, it has.

In this area, the recent seismic activity for a period from 1997. Conspiracy theories suggest that the authorities are concealing some vital truths arent they always. Although egypt is an area of relatively low to moderate seismicity, it has experienced some damaging local shocks throughout its history, as well as the effects of larger earthquakes in the hellenic arc and the eastern mediterranean area. Earth planets space, 54, 349356, 2002 statistical investigation of reservoirinduced seismicity in aswan area, egypt mahmoud mohamed selim1.

The pigments need to be those employed by ancient egyptian artists, hence natural pigments. The egyptian coastal zone has the lowest seismicity, and therefore, its tectonic setting is not well known. During merging of the previouslymentioned earthquake data, collected from different catalogs and bulletins, it was crucial to avoid any possibility. Haroun the american university in cairo, egypt abstract the use of the reducedforceamplifieddisplacement method in seismic design provisions, has served the practice well with the benefits of simplicity and smaller resulting crosssections. West of the red sea, the eastern desert extends to the nile valley. It is composed of two subevents separated by 4 sec.

Egypt has been a leading player in the history of islam, at times as its political leader, usually as a trading entrepot, and almost always as a religious and cultural center. The temporal distribution of induced seismicity following the filling of large reservoirs shows two types of response. The sand, moved by the wind, gnaws and polishes the rocks, and has the same effect of erosion as water, the \vadies in the desert are a good example of this. This latter circumstance greatly facilitatos the formation of sandstone. Tectonic stress regime, crustal deformation and present. In this way, the spatial epicentral map and the temporal earthquake catalogue distribution of events provide a sufficient basis for modeling the seismicity of south egypt, i. Analysis of aeromagnetic data for interpretation of seismicity at fayoumcairo area, egypt an aeromagnetic reconnaissance study is presented to delineate the subsurface structure and tectonic setting at the fayoumcairo district, which experienced a damaging earthquake on october 12, 1992 of magnitude m 5. Earthquakes represent a major natural hazard, potentially resulting in loss of life and economic loss. Density structure and isostasy of the lithosphere in egypt.

Active tectonics and paleotsunami records of the northern coast of. This was done on the basis of existing seismological data. Seismicity and seismotectonics of the west kom ombo area, aswan, egypt 197 table 1 r r e f t u l u l were found to vary from 2. Pdf seismicity relocations around the sinai peninsula. An updated and unified earthquake catalog from 1787 to 2018 for. Egypts rising security threat investigates the phenomena that have contributed to actors desire to carry out violence, and considers this violence as deeply rooted in environmental conditions that have allowed for its evolution. What do they tell you about egypts land and its people. Seismicity and focal mechanisms of earthquakes 3 please cite this article in press as. To allow for an appropriate merging of national data sets, a preliminary. Achievement of the mdgs by the 2015 target date has become a global priority.

Crustal deformation of the southeastern corner of egypt. Emad kamal mohamed 2012 global seismological observation course national research institute of astronomy and geophysics nriag, egypt. Taking a rupture length of km, a depth of 20 km, and the average slip reported by bc94, one infers mw 7. Many of the things that they wore or carried were symbols of their power and position in egyptian society. Structural pattern youssef, 1968 grouped the main structural elements of egypt under some major categories. Historical and recent seismicity show that egypt is greatly affected by the seismic activity of the cyprus and the hellenic arcs e. The socalled pelusium megashear system pms, consists of echelon leftlateral megashears crossing africa from the niledelta since the precambrian times.

Pdf the historical earthquakes that have been felt in egypt were compiled from arabic documents and earlier earthquake catalogues. Aug 22, 20 the historical earthquakes that have been felt in egypt were compiled from arabic documents and earlier earthquake catalogues. The gessoes that is the surfaces applied over the wood prior to its painting must consist of the matter which ancient egyptian plasterers applied. Copy of the silver tablet, which the great chief of kheta, khetasar xtasara caused to be brought to pharaoh, by the hand of his messenger, terteseb taratysbw, and his messenger, ramose, to crave peace from the majesty of ramses ii, the bull of rulers. Understanding the great pyramid profs ancient egypt. An overview of the history and development of the egyptian seismological network is provided hereinafter.

Egypt has been called the gift of the nile, because the nile flooded predictably and regularly depositing very rich, fertile soil. Elgabry3 1consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, istituto di metodologie per lanalisi ambientale, tito, italy 2aswan earthquake regional research center, aswan, egypt. Harmonized european standards for construction in egypt. Mortars and stones for the restoration of masonry works in the sphinx, in the world of ancient egypt. In 1893, the electricity was first launched in egypt.

At others, pronounced increases in seismicity are not observed until a number of seasonal filling cycles have passed. Up to the end of the ninth century the secular number of reported. Though united, egypt in archaic times remained in many ways two lands. Pdf statistical analysis of seismicity in egypt and its surroundings.